Robert Mann reexamines the hypothesis that the Slovo o polku Igoreve is the work of a highly literate poet and concludes that the Slovo is more likely the text of a 12th-century court song. This study introduces a large number of new folkloric parallels showing that ancient Slavic wedding ritual and wedding song motifs served as a primary model for many metaphors in the Slovo. Mann argues that the Slovo also adapts motifs from an even older cycle of oral tales about the conversion of Rus' and he attempts to reconstruct the outlines of this cycle on the basis of similar motif patterns in byliny and early Russian legends reported in chronicles and saints' lives. This older cycle portrayed the demise of the pagan gods along the lines of the Apocalypse, and Mann attributes some of the Slovo's apocalyptic motifs, such as "Troian's seventh millenium," to the influence of the earlier conversion cycle. Using folkloric sources, he reexamines the relation between the Slovo and chronicle accounts of the battle it portrays, concluding that both the Slovo and the chronicles drew from oral tales. The new folkloric parallels and other data shed new light on some of the Slovo's most obscure words and names, such as Khinova, Kaiala, shereshiry, paporzi, and Troian.

Contents:
The Oral Cycle about the Conversion of Rus';
The Conversion Cycle and the Slovo; Wedding Imagery in the Slovo;
Other Folkloric Parallels;
Other Formulas and Formulaic Motif Sequences;
Literary Influences;
The Slovo and the Zadonshchina;
Oral Tale or Stylization?;
Oral Formulas, Probability and the Authenticity of the Slovo;
Old Russian Text of the Slovo;
Textual Notes; Notes;
Selected Bibliography.

"It must be said that in this light much that is otherwise obscure or difficult to explain becomes clear.... Much becomes clearer as the author demonstrates, in the next and longest chapter, the abundance, hitherto underestimated, of wedding imagery in the Slovo.... (MLR) "For all Slavic studies and scholars of international oral narrative." (Come-All-Ye) "Mann has written a study that stimulates the imagination..." (RR) "...makes a contribution to Slovoscholarship and merits the attention of scholars." (SEEJ) "Die neue Arbeit wird ohne Zweifel Beachtung bei denen finden, die sich mit der Struktur des Textes beschaftigen." (KL)

Contents

Notes on the Contributors     5

Introduction     7

I Language Situation and General Policy

Ranko Bugarski

Language in Yugoslavia: Situation, Policy, Planning     9

Dubravko Shkiljan

Standard Languages in Yugoslavia     27

August Kovacec

Languages of National Minorities and Ethnic Groups in Yugoslavia     43

Melanie Mikes

Languages of National Minorities in Vojvodina     59

Dalibor Brozovic

The Yugoslav Model of Language Planning: A Confrontation with Other Multilingual Models     72

 II Planning of Individual Languages

Kenneth E. Naylor

The Sociolinguistic Situation in Yugoslavia, with Special Emphasis on Serbo-Croatian     80

Milorad Radovanovic

Standard Serbo-Croatian and the Theory of Language Planning     93

Pavle Ivic

Language Planning in Serbia Today     101

 Jozhe Toporisic

The Status of Slovene in Yugoslavia     111

Olga Misheska Tomic

Standard, Dialect, and Register in Macedonian     117

Isa Zymberi

Albanian in Yugoslavia     130

Darko Tanaskovic

The Planning of Turkish as a Minority Language in Yugoslavia     140

III Aspects of Change and Variation

Peter Herrity

The Problematic Nature of the Standardization of the Serbo-Croatian Literary Language in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century     162

George Thomas

Lexical Purism as an Aspect of Language Cultivation in Yugoslavia     176

Thomas F. Magner

Urban Vernaculars and the Standard Language in Yugoslavia189

Dunja Jutronic-Tihomirovic

Standard Language and Dialects in Contact     200

Damir Kalogjera

Attitudes to Dialects in Language Planning     212

Appendix I

Sven Gustavsson

Between East, West and South Slavic: Rusyn Language Planning     223

Appendix II

Map of Yugoslavia     226

List of Tables and Figures     227

Index     228

"...excellent volume... (MLJ)

"A well-rounded picture of the language situation in former Yugoslavia, based on first-hand accounts from various viewpoints, emerges.

“...LPY will remain an important source for those who wish to understand fully the causes of the dissolution of Yugoslavia as well as for sociolinguists concerned more broadly with the complex and often insuperable problems of multilingual states." (SEEJ)

"...will remain an important linguistic as well as historical document. ...a valuable reference... (CSP)

This dictionary, containing approximately 5000 Slovene words and their English translations, was written for users at all levels. Entries include the most commonly encountered words in Slovene, as well as numerous additional words which display irregularities in their inflection. The work is based on the contemporary Slovene language, with the five-volume dictionary published by the Slovene Academy of Arts and Sciences being the final arbiter in matters of stylistic level and form and stress. The main body of the work is preceded by lengthy charts which provide detailed information on nominal, adjectival, and pronominal declension and verbal conjugations in Slovene. Inflected words in the dictionary are then cross-referenced to those charts, the goal being to enable the user to generate the correct forms and stresses for entries. Many irregular words are provided with full inflectional charts in the dictionary itself. A Learner's Dictionary of Slovene is the only work of its kind to provide as complete information as may be found in Derbyshire's work. CONTENTS Foreword Abbreviations Reference Charts and Instructions on How to Use This Dictionary A Learner's Dictionary of Slovene

Students learning Russian require more time for grammar than students of most other languages. Developing an adequate vocabulary presents an even greater challenge. But in vocabulary acquisition, students of Russian have an impressive potential advantage. With training, students can build a large vocabulary based on a relatively few very productive word elements – roots, prefixes, and suffixes. In Russian the 228 most common roots produce upwards of 20,000 words, an average of about 90 words per root! But English-speaking students are not accustomed to analyzing word elements as a way of discovering meaning and nuance. The English language does not condition the average speaker to think in terms of word elements. How many Americans could correctly answer the question "What does the root clude mean (include, exclude, conclude)?" But Russians do feel that kliuch- means something like "connect to."Through combining this root with prefixes and suffixes, Russian forms 66 words!

Leveraging Your Russian with Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes focuses on root, prefix, and suffix study. The goal is to sensitize Russian learners to the vast potential of word element combinations in creating the large vocabulary generally lacking in students as they complete a liberal arts study of the language. Utilizing Leveraging, students will benefit as early as the latter part of first-year Russian, although most of the roots will be covered in the second and third years of Russian study. The authors of this text have divided the 550 most productive Russian roots into five groups according to difficulty. The core meaning of each root is identified and each root is illustrated, typically through from five to ten full, authentic Russian sentences, each of which is also translated into English. It is intended that the study of word elements mainly occur outside of class and take only a few minutes of class time for emphasis and review. Students at the upper levels, third-year through graduate study, may utilize Leveraging to study word elements on their own.

In addition to the largest section of the text illustrating roots, prefixes, and suffixes, this book also includes an introduction to the assumptions, methodology, and content of the text. Another section compares nuances among semantically related roots, such as bereg (protect), shchim (shield), nas (provide security), smereg (on guard), khoron (preserve), and grad (block off). A further section outlines the etymological development of all the 550 roots from Indo-European into Russian and English. The final section of the text is a comprehensive root dictionary, useful for students reading authentic Russian materials and desiring to verify or expand their mastery of word element.

“He could not have said exactly what he was hearing. A baby’s sweet babbling? A hesitant declaration of love? He does not know. But the sound moves him as if he might discover in it something eternally important, something unlike he has ever known before, something that is, at the same time, hazily familiar. When the kuy is over, his throat hurts for a long time, as if there is a pebble stuck in it that he cannot swallow. He breathes carefully so that nobody can hear him cry.”

Azhigerei is growing up in Soviet Kazakhstan, learning the ancient art of the kuy from his musician father. But with the music comes knowledge about his country, his family, and the past that is at times difficult to bear. Based on the author’s own family history, A Life at Noon provides us a glimpse into a time and place Western literature has rarely seen as the fifirst post-Soviet novel from Kazakhstan to appear in English.

Thirty-five years after the publication of Charles Gribble’s monumental Russian Root List, Slavica Publishers offers Cynthia M. Vakareliyska’s Lithuanian Root List, the first list of common Lithuanian roots that contains their English meanings. Modeled on the Russian Root List, the Lithuanian Root List also provides the most common Lithuanian prefixes and suffixes, together with their English meanings. Cynthia M. Vakareliyska is Professor of Linguistics and member of the Russian, Eurasian, and East European Studies program at the University of Oregon. Cover Artwork: Original paper cut design by Nijolė Jurienė, traditional Lithuanian folk artist. Photograph reproduced with permission of Laimutė Fedosejeva.

Book Reviews

Review in SEEJ, Vol. 60, no. 3 (Fall 2016), 593-594 pp.

Review in JSL, Vol. 24, no. 2 (Summer/Fall 2016), 393-397 pp.

The letters to Princess Volkonskaya published in this book reflect nearly thirty years of Russian and European history: the Napoleonic Wars, victory and the subsequent upheavals, the religious struggles between the Russian Orthodox Church and the growing influence of Roman Catholicism. Her correspondents included Tsar Alexander I (with whom she had at least a very close relationship), Cardinal Consalvi (the Prime Minister of the Vatican), Mme. de Staël, various Russian writers, composers, and men of letters (Baratynsky, Kozlov, Glinka, A. I. Turgenev, Vyazemsky, and Zhukovsky). Pushkin dedicated a poem to her. Tsar Alexander's fifteen letters (always in his own hand) include some written at the height of the campaign against Napolean, and he goes into some detail about the events. Students of Russian will be heartened to know that Alexander "followed rather inconsistently the rules of French grammar." The book (and archive) also includes three letters written to her son, a senior Russian diplomat, and one to A. P. Golytsyn from I. S. Turgenev. All of the letters are accompanied by extensive commentary. Almost all of the letters are published in the original French; a few notes written in Russian are given in both the original and in English translation. Volkonskaya was a remarkable and talented person who enjoyed the friendship and confidence of many of the leading literary, musical, and political figures of her time. These letters present material that will be of interest for students of history, literature, and culture in general. "Recommended for research libraries." (Choice) "... cennaja publikacija ..." (Literaturnaja Rossija) "Taken as a whole, Aroutunova's book gives a vivid impression of this remarkable woman and her life." (SEER) "...this volume is an admirable synthesis of philology and empathy ... It is a pleasure to peruse this attractive volume..." (CSP)

Lord Novgorod the Great: Essays in the History and Culture of a Medieval City-State is one of several major works Henrik Birnbaum produced as part of his extensive research in this area, including a second book with Slavica in 1996 (Novgorod in Focus, still in print as of this writing). Two other books appeared with other publishers, so this topic manifestly constituted one of the major touchstones of his long and eminent research career.

Slavica would like to express its sincere thanks to Marianna Birnbaum for graciously granting permission for this reprint. We welcome comments on this and other forthcoming titles to be released in this series.

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